![]() Mesocephalic refers to a medium-sized head, typically between the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic sizes. Brachycephalic refers to a small, rounded head. Anders Retzius defined the cephalic index and classified different shapes of the head. Camper also began the practice of ethnographic grouping based on facial form. Beginning with Petrus Camper in the 18th century angles began to be employed in the measurement of facial form. The divine proportion has since been found to exist in 20th centuries of facial proportions as they relate to esthetics. Da Vinci looked for divine proportions in his quest to understand facial proportions. Da Vinci along with others utilized grids to study the proportions of the face and make generalizations about them. Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the most well known scientist and artist studying facial proportions during the Renaissance. The origins of the important method of measuring has its origins in the Renaissance. The history of cephalometry ( cephalo- + -metry, "head measurement") can be traced through art, science, and anthropology. ![]()
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